If you'll earn over £30,000/year and want to protect your personal assets, a limited company often makes sense. If you're just starting or unsure about income, sole trader is usually simpler.
Quick Decision Framework
You probably need a limited company if:
✓ Annual profit likely over £30,000
✓ Taking on business debt or leases
✓ Working in high-risk industries
✓ Want to take investment
Start as sole trader if:
✓ Just testing an idea
✓ Profit under £20,000/year
✓ Want minimal paperwork
✓ Can switch to limited later (you can always change)
What Limited Companies Actually Protect
Limited liability means the company's debts are separate from your personal finances. If the company fails, creditors can't come after your house or savings (with exceptions like personal guarantees or fraud).
The Trade-off: Protection vs Simplicity
Protection costs: £12/year Companies House fee, accountant fees (£500-2000/year), annual accounts filing, confirmation statements. Most founders underestimate the admin time.
Improvements:
- Decision framework up front
- Strategic internal links
- Explicit next steps
- Addresses user anxiety
- Clear action paths